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    rice joshua

    Joshua Njeru, a class eight leaver from Riando Primary School in Mbeere, Embu County, owns two butcheries in Mwea town which he has been able to open through rice farming. Each butchery earns him an average of Sh3,000 in profits daily.

    Njeru arrived in Mwea in 1996 where he worked as a casual laborer in rice farms, with intentions of buying a bicycle to start a boda boda riding business. He would take home at least Sh150 after working for a day in the farms. He saved part of his income.

    At that time, Boda boda operations were the booming business for the youth in Mwea town. From the little money he had made from working in rice farms he finally bought his long waited bicycle in 2005 at Sh2500 and switched to the business of ferrying people from one place to another.  In this, he began taking home Sh500 per day from his new venture.

    However, it turned out to be a very difficult job for him.

    “I would go home extremely tired after a long day of long rides up and down hill transporting customers and goods for fourteen hours on my bicycle just to reach my Sh500 daily target,” he said.

    In 2008, Njeru swapped roles from being a bodaboda operator to a matatu tout with the hopes of making more money to start rice farming.

    From the new endeavor, he could make between Sh600-700 daily. He did the job for seven years before eventually moving up the ladder to a driver in 2015 operating from Embu to Nairobi. His earnings soared to Sh1000 a day and he increased his savings capacity.

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    In August 2016 he leased one acre of land at Sh12,000 for a one year period. He hired a tractor for Sh1200 for the preparation of the land. He also hired a few laborers, who he paid Sh150 each per day.

    In his first season, Njeru did not make much as he had anticipated.

    “I managed to harvest 24 bags of rice which I sold at Sh4,500 making a profit of Sh70,000,” said Njeru.

    In the following season he leased one extra acre and did the same for subsequent years that followed. Today he leases between six to 10 acres of land harvesting between 27 to 30 (90kg) bags per acre.

    It costs him Sh45,000 to lease one acre of rice land. The land preparation and leveling up by a tractor costs Sh7000. On average, he hires 10 workers per acre at Sh350 each per day.

    “Planting has to be in August because the weather is favorable for the crop, if you plant any other time of the year, the rice may be affected by bad weather, blight, diseases, inadequate access to rain water and hence poor yields,” he said.

    After harvesting his rice, he stores the bags in his store at his premises which he built purposely for rice storage.

    Njeru does not sell his rice until the prices go up.

    “At harvest time, one bag of 90 Kg is normally sold at between Sh5400 to Sh5850, but when there is less rice in the market the prices range between Sh6750 to Sh7200 per 90kg bag.

    To conserve the produce, he stores the rice with the husks on.

    “The rice can last up to one year when stored in husks,” he said.

    Buyers come to his store to buy the rice when the market is ripe for him.

    He makes a profit of about Sh1.024m to Sh1.05m per season.

    Njeru however, faces a few challenges in his farm. Sometimes some of the land owners are not straight forward. They may lease the land to two people at the same time in one same season. In such a case, the two tenants have to come to an agreement. Mostly when this happens, the two tenants have to divide the land in to two equal parts and proceed with the farming. Irrigation is also a major challenge when there is inadequate rain.

    However these challenges won’t stop him doing more and adding more acres to his venture. He plans to continue and do large scale farming in rice and sell his produce in other markets other than Mwea town. He also plans to open more butcheries in different areas .His next big thing is to buy a lorry for transport, buy cows and supply Nairobi with beef meat.

    Njeru can be reached on 0725941448.

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    brooding chicks

    Farmers can avert drastic and immediate death of day-old chicks soon after introducing them into the new brooders by offering clean water and ensuring the temperature is kept between 32 and 34 degrees Celsius.

    A 2018 research published in the African Journal of Poultry Farming revealed that more than half of hatched chicks for instance are lost due to mismanagement. The research which was conducted in Ada’a district of Eastern Shoa zone, Ethiopia was done to investigate the major causes of chicken mortality under village production system.

    Three or four days to the end of brooding period, chicks absorb all liquid in the egg. The moisture would keep them going until they get water after hatching.

    Mary Njeri, the owner of Poultry Farm Hatchery said chicks can be vaccinated and all other pre-transportation arrangements made but dehydration and new environment shock can lead to losses of the chicks.

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    The poultry rearing and incubation expert said it is not easy to tell when the chicks need water for instance. But ferrying them can lead to reduced water in the system, therefore, affecting normal body functions.

    “Temperature on arrival must be between 32 degrees Celsius and 34 degrees Celsius. Water is necessary before they start feeding. Sufficient clean water must be provided as one of the way of making the brooder friendly,” she said.

    One day old chicks are delicate, overcrowded brooders therefore also present stressful moments for the new chicks, which affects development as they adapt to the new environment.

    A spacing of 25 chicks per square metre is recommended for the layers. Twenty broiler chicks can cover one metre square space.

    Depending on the type of heat source being used, 1,000 chicks would be comfortable with a hover while 200 would be stress free with one infrared bulb.

    Chicks crowding at the source of heat indicate that the brooder is cold while moving to the periphery means it is too hot.

    Forming a pyramid-like file from the center of heat towards one corner of the brooder signifies drought or strong cold wind.

    “Contaminated feeds or infection from the hatchery can also cause deaths of such young chicks soon after introduction into the new set of conditions,” said Mary.

    Besides buying feeds from recognized suppliers, general cleanliness while handling all equipment and disinfecting oneself before entering the rearing region averts chick deaths.

    The Nakuru County farmer sells a day-old kienyeji chick at Sh90 while a KARI one costs Sh100. Kuroiler chicks fetches Sh110 each. 

    Mary Can be reached on +254719216513 or her husband Chege on +25472501209

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    images 6

    Agriculture Technology Development Centre (ATDC) has introduced a cheap hand-pushed multipurpose tractor which may save small-scale farmers more than Sh1,000 per acre in tillage costs.

    Ronald Bosire of ATDC said the ‘walking tractor’, whose cost may be equivalent to three bulls, requires minimum skills to operate and can be used in various farm tasks.

    “The walking tractor is a 10 horsepower machine. It consumes between five and six litres of diesel to till one acre. Based on the current cost of Sh74 per litre of diesel, a farmer will require between Sh360 and Sh440 to till one acre,” Bosire said.

    This is thrice cheaper given that hand-land tillage can cost up to Sh1,500 or more for one acre in some part of the country like Kisii.

     

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    Multipurpose function

    To carry out the various chores, the tractor has attachment areas on which varied machines can be mounted and dismounted according to need, Bosire said.

    “The tractor seeks to solve challenges facing small-scale farmers who cannot afford big machines. It costs Sh150,000. It can pull farm inputs and outputs of up to half a tonne when attached to a trolley. It can also pump water as well as drive a chaff cutter, among other jobs that require power,” he said.

     

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    Bull and bigger tractor comparison

    The cost of local bulls used in tilling land cost between Sh40,000 and Sh70,000 depending on the weight and region. Rearing them also may require more cash, especially if the bulls are for land preparation only.

    Bulls will also require more than one person while working.

    A big used farm tractor in Kenya that is in good condition costs more than Sh2 million.

    Besides the two metallic locomotion wheels, the tractor has another rubber pair for terrains that do not require strong ground grip.

    A similar tractor that was introduced into the country early this year by another machinery firm costs about Sh200,000.

    The machine has two parallel bars with a handle used for direction. It also has stick shifts used to engage the various gears in respect to need.

    Bosire can be reached on +254722545196.

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