Farmers can avert drastic and immediate death of day-old chicks soon after introducing them into the new brooders by offering clean water and ensuring the temperature is kept within the required range.
A few days to the end of brooding period, chicks absorb all liquid in the egg. The moisture would keep them going until they get water after hatching.
Mary Njeri, the owner of Poultry Farm Hatchery said chicks can be vaccinated and all other pre-transportation arrangements made but dehydration and new environment shock can lead to losses of the chicks.
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The poultry rearing and incubation expert said it is not easy to tell when the chicks need water for instance. But ferrying them can lead to reduced water in the system, therefore, affecting normal body functions.
“Temperature on arrival must be between 32 degrees Celsius and 34 degrees Celsius. Water is necessary before they start feeding. Sufficient clean water must be provided as one of the way of making the brooder friendly,” she said.
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Chicks are delicate, she says. Overcrowded brooders also present stressful moments for the new chicks, which affects development as they adapt to the new environment.
A spacing of 25 chicks per square metre is recommended for the layers. Twenty broiler chicks can cover one metre square space.
Depending on the type of heat source being used, 1,000 chicks would be comfortable with a hover while 200 would be stress free with one infrared bulb.
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Chicks crowding at the source of heat indicate that the brooder is cold while moving to the periphery means it is too hot.
Forming a pyramid-like file from the centre of heat towards one corner of the brooder signifies drought or strong cold wind.
Contaminated feeds or infection from the hatchery can also cause deaths of such young chicks soon after introduction into the new set of conditions, Mary said.
Besides buying feeds from reognised suppliers, general cleanliness while handling all equipment and disinfecting oneself before entering the rearing region.
Write comment (0 Comments)Farmers can cut on sow mastitis treatment costs by clipping piglet teeth on the first day after birth.
Clipping involves ‘cutting’ or blunting of the eight teeth to get rid of the sharp pointed ends. Piglets are born with needlelike teeth, which can injure the udder of the mother during suckling.
“Wounds predispose the mothers to diseases like mastitis. With the wounds, the sow rejects the piglets by kicking them when they try to suckle because of the pain,” Bernard Nyaramba, a Kakamega County pig farmer.
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Mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary glands resulting from entry of bacterial and other disease causing agents into the udder. Pathogens are picked from the environment.
Severe attack can lead to starvation and death of the piglets.
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Besides the rejection from the sows, inflammation of the mammary glands means no production of milk, a condition known as agalactia.
Although treatment costs vary according to the intensity of the infection, lasting damage to the udder many not be reversed in severe cases.
At the same time, the pathogens may cause other infections to the piglets besides spreading to other sows in the sty. The piglets may also injure one another as they scramble for the teats. They use them as weapons.
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“Front teas tend to have more milk, whose quantity drops to the rear ones. Piglets have a tendency of establishing ownership of teats. They use the sharp teeth to defend the teats against invasion from ‘siblings’,” Nyaramba said.
The process can be done by the farmer or a veterinarian. The bottom line is care should be taken to avoid injuring the gums.
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