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    esther kimani

    As rural to urban migration surges in Kenya and many parts of the world, many residents are finding it difficult to put food on the table due to the high cost of living. However, some urban residents are coming up with innovative ways to grow vegetables on scarce land in towns by embracing hanging gardens.

    A hanging garden is a  sustainable landscape architecture, an artistic  garden or a small urban farm attached to or built on a wall. They are mainly found in areas where land is scarce or where the farmer is mobile or temporarily living.

    Esther Kimani is one such farmer who has embraced the idea of hanging garden in her Nyeri town home so as to feed her family of five. When Farmbiz Africa visited demonstration stand at the Central Kenya Agricultural show at Kabiruini grounds in outskirts of Nyeri County on 16th September 2017, she was busy educating attendees on the importance of hanging gardens as a way to promote sustainable urban farming.

    READ ALSO: Farmer championing rooftop gardening in Mombasa

    “At first my neighbors and family members were skeptical about the idea as they believed successful farming can only be done in rural farms with adequate space” said Esther. She however went ahead with her plans and established a hanging garden in her backyard space.

    READ ALSO: Embracing urban farming

    She first identified the portion of the backyard garden with direct access to sunlight as it is important for the growth of the plants. She then employed a casual who fixed posts and hanging timber across to support her pots which she used to plant kales, spinach and onions. She purchased ready seedlings from Nyeri town and transplanted them to polythene bags which could accommodate about 3 to 4 plants at a go.

    The pots are mixed with top soil and organic manure at the rate of 1:1 according to Esther who notes that the process takes care of the costly budget and produces fresh, clean, safe vegetables unlike the ones she used to buy earlier and was unsure of their safety. She waters the plants manually twice in a day in the dry season, in the morning and evening.

    READ ALSO: Vertical bag farms, relief to small holder farmers

    She sells the vegetables from her backyard garden to neighbors and other urban dwellers within Nyeri town. Esther advises urban families to consider venturing into this type of farming as it is economically viable, more hygienic and produces cheap vegetables all year round for your urban family.

    With the revolution of agriculture in Kenya and across the globe, this farming method comes in at the right time to cater to the needs of the urban dwellers who not only worry about availability but also the high chemical residue on vegetables in the urban markets.

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    passion

    The adoption of farming different fruits in Machakos, Kitui and Makueni counties, famously known as Ukambani or Eastern Kenya region is keeping alive hopes of many farmers from the region which has for years been threatened by poor harvesting.

    Most parts of the country especially eastern region for instance experienced below-normal rainfall that was mainly recorded in April and May 2017 according to the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources State Department of Environment Kenya, Meteorological Department.

    This ever hotter weather and more erratic rainfall has made growing many crops more difficult in Kenya’s Ukambani region, but fruits harvest is prospering.

    “We use the hot sun as a blessing,” said Meshaek Ikinya Mutera, who began farming mangoes in semi-arid Machakos County about seven years ago and has seen his harvest increase by about 40 percent in the last five years.

    READ ALSO: High value fruits birth saving culture among Ukambani farmers

    As per the Best Tropical Fruits Company, a Kenyan fruit growing and processing firm, between 2012 and 2016, mango production in Kenya rose by 47 percent, to more than 80,000 tonnes.

    This according to the firm has also increased selling price for processed mango by two thirds since 2013, with overall revenue from mango sales hitting 400 million Kenyan shillings ($3.9 million) by the end of 2016.

    The region is turning out “some of the sweetest mangoes in the world”, said the Mutera, who represents a group of mango growers and also has carried out research on mango farming in Kenya as part of a master’s degree programme.

    Growing cereals especially maize and beans which the farmers would plant in April for October harvest, but the crops would not perform well due to inadequate rainfall.The end result has been, very little is produced that could hardly take care of the farmers’ families not to talk of selling.

    READ ALSO: Fruits drying raises Kenyan farmers' earnings by 10 times

    “We would end up miserable on harvest time because we would not have enough produce to take care of our families and to sell,” recalls Beth Munuvi, a farmer in Kaulani village, Yatta Constituency.

    Munuvi who grows yellow passion today says the passion is speedily raising as the fruit of choice for most farmers in the county.

    “I am happy that yellow passion is picking up well giving rise to some farmers’ organizations where we can sell our produce,” says Munuvi,

    She is a member of the Yatta Farm Growers Community Based Organisation, which brings together 100 farmers.

    Ramesh Gorasia grows date palms on part of his 400-acre farm in Masongaleni, Makueni County. Date palms are related to loquats safe for trees.

    “We have 772 mature date palms and 1,200 young ones. Our main specialty is fresh dates, which we grow for sale both locally and abroad,” says Gorasia.

    READ ALSO: Machakos fruit factory to benefit farmers

    In his farm there are also oranges, tangarines, grapefruits, bananas, mangoes among others.

    In June this year, Governor Kivutha Kibwana, Makueni Farmers representatives, and residents of Makueni unveiled the Makueni Fruit Processing Plant at Kalamba.

    The Plant has a capacity to process five metric tons of raw mangoes producing 3,000 liters of Puree (Mango concentrate) per hour. A liter of the concentrate fetches Sh150 at the market place.

    This factory will provide opportunities for local farmers and investors to own a stake and grow wealth, learn new technologies and learn about value addition to increase farm incomes.

    Makueni County, with a total of 1,469,625 mango trees from its 28,696 farmers, led in 2010 mango production in the Eastern province, generating Sh1.267,974. Machakos County followed with Sh300,268 from 506,544 mango trees scattered to its 17,676 farmers according to  Institution Development and Management’s baseline survey of mango trees census report.

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    solar pasteurizer.JPG

    Using a solar milk pas­teur­izer, small­holder farm­ers seek­ing to min­im­ize milk losses along the mar­ket­ing chain es­pe­cially in the arid and semi-arid lands has been de­veloped by the Kenya Ag­ri­cul­tural and Live­stock Re­search Or­gan­iz­a­tion.  The new tech­no­logy will help milk farm­ers and busi­ness vendors pro­long the shelf life of milk and hence im­prove mar­ket- abil­ity and gen­er­ate more in­come.

    Milk mar­ket­ing is an im­port­ant in­come earn­ing op­por­tun­ity for people in the arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) of Kenya. For a long time, farm­ers have been using lim­ited fire­wood to boil the milk hence pla­cing in­tense pres­sure on the forests and des­troy­ing the en­vir­on­ment.

    READ ALSO:  Simple Solar tech­no­logy for ir­rig­a­tion saves water & fer­til­izer costs

    The solar milk pas­teur­izer con­sists of a flat-plate water heat­ing solar col­lector and a stain­less steel cyl­indrical milk con­tainer. Water in the solar col­lector is dir­ectly heated by the sun and the hot water pro­duced used for pas­teur­iz­ing milk.  

    Ac­cord­ing to Marsabit KALRO of­ficer F.​Wayua, the abund­ant solar en­ergy in ASALs can be used to pas­teur­ize milk. A simple solar milk pas­teur­izer can be made loc­ally with the aid of jua kali ar­tis­ans. The ma­ter­i­als re­quired for fab­ric­a­tion in­clude a flat plate solar col­lector, a stain­less steel cyl­indrical tank, con­nect­ing pipes& valves and in­su­lat­ing ma­ter­i­als (fiber glass, cot­ton, wool and saw dust). The ma­ter­i­als can be ob­tained from nat­ive hard­ware shops close to the farm­ers’ res­id­ence.

    READ ALSO: Solar and wind hy­brid drier saves food

    After as­sem­bling and the device is ready for use, it is ad­vis­able to tilt the solar col­lector at 10-15° from the ho­ri­zontal, fa­cing the equator. En­sure you have good qual­ity milk to be pas­teur­ized and a piece of clean sterile (boiled) cot­ton cloth.

    READ ALSO: Solar powered mini silos tames grain loss

    Pro­ced­ure for Milk Pas­teur­iz­a­tion

    • Pas­teur­iz­a­tion should be done between 10 am and 4 pm when there is ad­equate solar ra­di­ation
    • Fill the sys­tem with water in the morn­ing
    • Sieve milk using the cot­ton cloth
    • Pour the sieved milk in the milk con­tainer
    • Water in the solar col­lector is dir­ectly heated by the sun
    • The hot water pro­duced is used for pas­teur­iz­ing milk in the milk con­tainer
    • Cir­cu­la­tion of hot water from the col­lector to the jack­eted milk con­tainer con­tin­ues as long as the sun is shin­ing
    • Let the milk heat to 63°C and hold for 30 minutes or 85°C (when it starts to foam) and hold for 5 seconds.

    The device is re­com­men­ded for pro­du­cers and milk traders in arid pas­toral areas as they have lim­ited ac­cess to grid elec­tri­city but have plenty of solar ra­di­ation. Milk Pas­teur­iz­a­tion makes milk safe for human con­sump­tion.

     For more in­form­a­tion con­tact: Centre Dir­ector, KARI Marsabit P.O. Box 147 – 60500 Tel. 069 – 2040 Wire­less: 020 801 7018 Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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