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    The high cost of the incubators and electricity bills drove Godfrey Ng’ang’a into making solar powered machine for himself and other farmers.

    The Kiambu County farmer bought his first two machines from South Africa and China with the hope of getting cost-saving and efficient equipment than those sold locally.

    RELATED STORY: Solar incubator saves farmers when power outages occur

    Although the South Africa made incubator, which he bought at Sh140,000, was efficient,  its power consumption was inhibiting; it required 45kwatts per day. That could cost him about Sh11,000  for 21 days.

    This farmer, who comes from Kikuyu town, was tired of the imported incubators after the second one he bought from China failed efficiency test.

    “These two factors drove me into making my own incubators to hatch and raise local breed chicken, commonly called kienyeji,” Ng’ang’a said.

    The comparison of the two incubators in materials and technology gave Ng’ang’a an idea of making incubators that use solar energy to reduce his expenditure on electricity.

    With a galvanized aluminium metal sheet, turpentine, transparent glass, nails, rivets, among other materials, the farmer comes up with the incubator, which is powered by solar harnessed from the sun.

    RELATED STORY: Fact Sheet: How to make poultry money using incubators

    Kenya lies within the tropics, therefore, it receives sunlight all year round. But the converters and batteries store enough energy to run the incubator even when it is cloudy.

    An incubator of 700 eggs capacity costs him between Sh40,000 and Sh45,000 in materials. He sells such a machine at Sh70,000.

    A 4,000 egg capacity incubator costs him close to Sh200,000, but he sells it at Sh350,000.

    “I work on orders from farmers or brokers. Within a month I can make three incubators depending on capacity and timeline. I offer them one year warrant,” he said.

    RELATED STORY: Kerosene incubator helps farmer crack poultry agribusiness

    In his agribusiness side, the farmer hatches between 500 and 1,000 kienyeji chicks weekly. Kienyeji chicks, he says, are more on demand from his customers.

    Apart from the eggs he gets from the 300 chicken at his farm in Wangige, Ng’ang’a buys more to meet the orders.

    He sells one day old chick at Sh50, one week at Sh70, two weeks Sh80, three weeks Sh120 and one month at Sh200.

    “When I do not have immediate orders, the chicks are expensive to maintain. They need close monitoring and consistent feeds to remain healthy awaiting the purchase,” he said.

    RELATED STORY: Kenyan youth access quarter a million shillings for egg incubators

    The farmer has four incubators with a capacity of 1050. With good hatching preparation of the eggs and management through the 21-day period, he gets more than 70 per cent results.

    The use of solar incubators has enabled him cut production costs.

    Kienyeji chicken and other improved varieties are popular in urban areas like Nairobi they fetch more than double the cost of broilers.

    A two kilogramme live chicken costs between Sh800 and Sh1,000 while a cock can reach Sh1,400 depending on its weight.

    Ng'ang'a can be reached on +54721612771

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    Artificial Insemination.

    Selecting the right bull which has desirable qualities to serve his cows so that it can pass the characteristics into his dairy cows has been Geoffrey Ng'ang'a, dairy farmer from Wangige in Kiambu County’s secret weapon in getting high milk yields and quality calves than he used to two years ago.

     “I was milking 18 litres of milk per cow compared to the current 24litres per cow. I also used Sh500 per week on treatment of my cows and sometimes with the worry of difficulties my cows experienced during delivery I had to hire an expert at a fee every time a cow was about to give birth to help just in case,” he said.

    RELATED NEWS: Smart tool tells farmers cows are ripe for artificial insemination

    Ng’ang’a’s cows often developed many problems including complications that lead to still births, stunted calves, poor fertility, frequent diseases and even deformities in his cows which are some of the bad traits inherited from certain bulls. This made him realize low milk production and low demand of his heifers in the market.

    “When it came to breeding, I used to mate my cows with my own bulls or those from the neighbouring farmers regardless of whether the animals could be related or the health status of the bulls. Sometimes I ended up mating the cow’s daughter with the father, which would cause inbreeding (mating closely related animals) affecting health and productivity of my cows,” said ng’ang’a.

    A friend advised him to visit Kenya Animal and Genetics Resource Centre (KAGRC) in Lower Kabete for inquiries and this is where things started changing.

    He has realised that breeding is key in dairy farming, his cows have improved on milk production, his calves are no longer lost before birth anyhow nor do his heifers look undesirable in the market thanks to proper breeding knowledge he got from the centre.

    RELATED NEWS: Keen farmers may save 60 per cent livestock breeding losses

    “I practice Artificial Insemination (AI) by the help of an expert who selects the semen from high quality bulls to fertilise my cows. I also do natural inseminating whereby upon observing the heat signs in my cows I chose healthy and unrelated bulls to my cows to mount them,” said Ng’ang’a.

    Ng’ang’a who started with just a dairy cow now has five dairy cows of which three are lactating. He has observed increase in milk production among his cows since he adopted the proper breeding system. “I now milk 144 litres a day from my three cows against 108 litres I could milk from three cows per day before,” he said.

    He currently has two female Friesian heifers of about 380kg which are ready for market. The two goes for Sh75, 000 each, he said.

    According to KAGRC Livestock expert Eliud Mwangi, breeding is an important aspect of modern dairy farming anywhere but most small-scale farmers lack even the most basic skills in dairy cow breeding which is a big problem to the development of the livestock industry in the country.

    RELATED NEWS: Dairy crossbreeding project targets 6000litres a cow yearly in milk yields

    Mwangi advices that for the farmers using AI record keeping of the bulls whose semen has been used to serve their cows is important because this helps avoid inbreeding cases. “Artificial Insemination records which include the name of the bull whose semen was used, date and age at service, number of times the cow has been inseminated, calvings and serving intervals should be well kept,” he said.

     

     

     

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    Kitui Enterprise Promotion Company (KEPC), a mango processing firm in Kitui in collaboration with the National Environment Trust Fund has helped more than 800 farmers in Kitui to reduce post- harvest losses through value addition of their fruits.

    James Mutio is one of the local farmers who have benefited from KEPC initiative. “I started with 50 mango trees back in the year 2012 and currently I have 200 mango trees”

    “Previously I used to experience 60 per cent post-harvest losses which have now reduced to 20% as a result of value addition of the mango fruit. The fruit has enabled me have a diversified revenue streams as a result of product range including mango powder, juices, fortified flours and mango flakes acquired from the mango processing”.

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    Kitui County has a population of about 1.1 million people and it is categorized as an arid and semi- arid region. It is characterized by unreliable rainfall across the year. However, mangoes are the only trees that remain green when the area is dry. The region is one of the Kenya’s arid and semi-arid lands where mango fruit farming is adaptable to this climate hence offering an opportunity to improve social economic status mango farmers in the region.

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    Mango fruit juices packed ready for distribution/PHOTO/NETFUND

    “The project was started in the year 2012 to help women become resilient to climate change, address the challenges of post-harvest losses and enhance diversification in the use of the mango fruit bearing in mind that the fruit is seasonal” says KEPC Chairman David Muthoka.

    “KEPC processes mango juice, mango powder and fortified flour with the aim of increasing incomes from commercialized agricultural value chains to improve livelihoods of over 800 small scale farmers in the County by utilizing appropriate technologies, knowledge, skills and available resources. The powder produced is a healthy additive to juices and also fortifies other products like porridge flour and maize flour hence enhancing nutritional value”.

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    One of the fortified flours made  from mango fruit by Kitui Enterprise Promotion Company/PHOTO/NETFUND

    Agriculture plays a significant role in Kenya’s economy accounting for 32.9 per cent of gross domestic product with an estimated 75 per cent of Kenya’s 46m population involved in some agricultural activity and 75 per cent operating much below average yields with 40 to 50 per cent productivity levels (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2017).

    National Environment Trust Fund (NETFUND) has helped the farmers address the most pressing needs and demonstrate environmental impact through applied research and support to innovative projects in the quest of alleviating poverty and mitigating the effects of climate change.

    “We have been able to purchase a generator, solar drier, bio-mass drier machines for KEPC to increase production capacity and enhance quality of mango products”said NETFUND’s incubation Manager Andrew Machora.

     “In addition the company has also acquired Kenya Bureau of Standard Certification (KEBS), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) license and currently is in the process of registration to be a member of COMESA courtesy of NETFUND”.

    Farmers in the region were trained on the concept of post-harvest handling of mangoes to avoid shortage and how to mitigate the effects of climate change through the mango fruit. The company has eight permanent employees who run the operations of the company both in production and administration. The innovation plays a key role in socio-economic development having benefited over 20,000 poor and vulnerable communities. The target market includes the local hotels, events like county forums and workshops.

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