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    Kitui Enterprise Promotion Company (KEPC), a mango processing firm in Kitui in collaboration with the National Environment Trust Fund has helped more than 800 farmers in Kitui to reduce post- harvest losses through value addition of their fruits.

    James Mutio is one of the local farmers who have benefited from KEPC initiative. “I started with 50 mango trees back in the year 2012 and currently I have 200 mango trees”

    “Previously I used to experience 60 per cent post-harvest losses which have now reduced to 20% as a result of value addition of the mango fruit. The fruit has enabled me have a diversified revenue streams as a result of product range including mango powder, juices, fortified flours and mango flakes acquired from the mango processing”.

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    Kitui County has a population of about 1.1 million people and it is categorized as an arid and semi- arid region. It is characterized by unreliable rainfall across the year. However, mangoes are the only trees that remain green when the area is dry. The region is one of the Kenya’s arid and semi-arid lands where mango fruit farming is adaptable to this climate hence offering an opportunity to improve social economic status mango farmers in the region.

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    Mango fruit juices packed ready for distribution/PHOTO/NETFUND

    “The project was started in the year 2012 to help women become resilient to climate change, address the challenges of post-harvest losses and enhance diversification in the use of the mango fruit bearing in mind that the fruit is seasonal” says KEPC Chairman David Muthoka.

    “KEPC processes mango juice, mango powder and fortified flour with the aim of increasing incomes from commercialized agricultural value chains to improve livelihoods of over 800 small scale farmers in the County by utilizing appropriate technologies, knowledge, skills and available resources. The powder produced is a healthy additive to juices and also fortifies other products like porridge flour and maize flour hence enhancing nutritional value”.

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    One of the fortified flours made  from mango fruit by Kitui Enterprise Promotion Company/PHOTO/NETFUND

    Agriculture plays a significant role in Kenya’s economy accounting for 32.9 per cent of gross domestic product with an estimated 75 per cent of Kenya’s 46m population involved in some agricultural activity and 75 per cent operating much below average yields with 40 to 50 per cent productivity levels (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2017).

    National Environment Trust Fund (NETFUND) has helped the farmers address the most pressing needs and demonstrate environmental impact through applied research and support to innovative projects in the quest of alleviating poverty and mitigating the effects of climate change.

    “We have been able to purchase a generator, solar drier, bio-mass drier machines for KEPC to increase production capacity and enhance quality of mango products”said NETFUND’s incubation Manager Andrew Machora.

     “In addition the company has also acquired Kenya Bureau of Standard Certification (KEBS), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) license and currently is in the process of registration to be a member of COMESA courtesy of NETFUND”.

    Farmers in the region were trained on the concept of post-harvest handling of mangoes to avoid shortage and how to mitigate the effects of climate change through the mango fruit. The company has eight permanent employees who run the operations of the company both in production and administration. The innovation plays a key role in socio-economic development having benefited over 20,000 poor and vulnerable communities. The target market includes the local hotels, events like county forums and workshops.

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    A dairy goat feeding from its feeding trough.

    Rearing five goats for milk which requires low maintenance can earn a farmer Sh280, 560 monthly as compared to a dairy cow which can earn a farmer Sh155, 400 monthly but is of high maintenance.

    For Kiringai Kamau, a farmer from Murang’a County who practices selective breeding for quality milk and kids, he spends Sh1500 a week on his 12 goats feed against the Sh3000 he used to spend on one cow.

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    “A goat’s feed comprises 3.5 per cent of dry matter. Therefore if well-fed and watered, goats rarely fall prey to diseases making the ventures profitable,” said Kamau.

    “To improve on the milk quality and quantity I feed them proteins rich feeds such as desmodium, lucerne, calliandra, green leaves and a nutritious salt lick, which is constantly in their cages.”

    Kamau began rearing goats for milk in 2015 when he sold his one dairy cow on August last year at Sh66, 000. He bought five young German Alpine dairy goats from Shambah Dairies Farm in Kangema in the same county for Sh60, 000. The farm also offered him training on how to venture in dairy goat farming.

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    He then used the remaining amount of money to improve his cow shed for the five goats a space which only one cow occupied.

    “I decided to keep dairy goats after getting trainings from the farm on how to rear dairy goats and discovered it is cheaper and with more profit compared to the dairy cow I was keeping,” said Kamau.

    “For the five days of training I paid Sh2500 and attended both theoretical and practical lessons which equipped me with the primary skills and knowledge in dairy goat keeping.”

    Currently his shed has 12 goats; seven kids and five adult goats which he milks. He delivers 80 litres after every five days to Kibidav Dairies which specialises in goat milk products such as yoghurt and fresh milk under the brand name, Toggs Dairy Goat Milk.

    His five dairy goats gives him 13 litres of milk daily fetching Sh103 per liter more as compared to his dairy cow which used to give him 20 litres of milk a day selling a litre of dairy cow milk at Sh37.

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    If Kamau were to sell his goats, he would earn between Sh20,000 and Sh40,000 a goat but it will depend on its current productivity.

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    Smallholder farmers in western Kenya can double the size of their banana bunches from 40 to 45kg - 80 to 100kgs by using health suckers from a clean, disease free orchard and inter-cropping with compatible crops such as beans and groundnuts.

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    Kenya has over 400,000 small holder banana farmers with 1.7 per cent of Kenya’s total arable land planted covered by bananas. Over 85 per cent of East Africans rely on banana for income and food with the global market for the crop totaling to some five billion dollars a year.

    Planting bananas requires minimum effort but farmers should get some things right before getting started. According to a research by the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Organization, once a farmer obtains suckers from healthy plants, any pests should be killed by the hot water method. This is done by heating water until just a candle melts in it (55 degrees Celsius) before removing it and putting the suckers in the hot water for 20 minutes.

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    A farmer displaying a giant banana at an agricultural society of Kenya show

     

     

    Bananas like dark, fertile soils, lots of mulch and organic matter. Holes where bananas are planted should be dug two feet by two feet by two feet. The holes should be nine feet by nine feet apart. The top soil should be put one foot in a heap and the subsoil put in a separate heap one foot high.

    Mix two ‘debes’ of manure with top soil and put the mixture back in the hole. Plant the sucker one and half to two feet deep. Use the sub–soil to fill up the hole. For higher yields, farmers should not plant more than four suckers per stool. For every six months, add two ‘debes’ of manure per stool.

    Bananas thrive well in areas that are 1,200m and 1,600m above sea level, that get seasonal rainfall averaging 1,200mm, and with average temperatures of 25 degrees Celsius. In low rainfall areas like Homabay, farmers should irrigate their banana plants with 40 to 60 liters of water. However, water should be applied moderately as excess water encourages rotting of the roots due to clogging. The stems must be propped to prevent premature falling due to strong wind. A fruit is ready for harvest in 12 to 15 months after transplanting. 

    To prevent weeds, mulching is needed which can be done by placing dry grass six inches away from the plant and by intercropping with leguminous crops e.g. beans. It is important to de-leaf so as to get rid of old diseased leaves, burn them to reduce chances of re-infection.

    Bananas should be harvested while they are still green, ensure you wear protective gear and cut the fruit with a machete carefully. The leaves of the harvested banana should be chopped and left on the ground to provide nutrients for the rest of the rest generation of banana plants.

    There are different varieties of banana suitable for planting in western Kenya which includes giant Cavendish, grand nain, and Mbogoya for ripening, Uganda green for cooking, aloe vera for medicinal/cosmetics purposes and vanilla for making spices. A quarter acre of land can hold 400 banana stems, which will mature in nine to 16 months, depending on the variety.

    A kilo of the fruit is sold at approximately Sh15 across Kenyan markets meaning an 80kg banana can earn a farmer Sh1200 per stem.

     

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